Nursing Professions Essay Example

Nursing Professions Essay Example Nursing Professions Paper Nursing Professions Paper The nursing field extends many opportunities to be a very important part of the health care team. Nursing involves direct patient contact and varied skills and abilities. A nurse has a unique opportunity to ensure that they care for a patients comforts and needs, and can make a difference in every patients life. Various challenging opportunities are available under the broad category of nursing. A wide range of career opportunities is open to registered nurses. Many nurses choose to specialize once within the field of nursing. One specialized field that nurses can go into is nurse anesthesia. As anesthesia specialists, certified registered nurse anesthetists administer more than 65% of the twenty-six million anesthetics given to patients each year. They have licensed and certified registered nurse anesthetists in all fifty states. To become a nurse anesthetist, it is necessary to first become a registered nurse. There are four ways to become a registered nurse. It is possible through a two-year community college, earning an associates degree in nursing, or through a three-year hospital based nursing school, earning a diploma. Other possible ways include a four-year university program, resulting in a Bachelors of Science degree in nursing, or the B. S. N. , as it is commonly called. For those who have a bachelors degree in another subject, there is a generic masters degree in nursing, a two or a three-year program beyond the bachelors degree. In the future, the B. S. N. is being considered the minimum qualification for a satisfying career. The two-year associates degree and the hospital-based diploma programs are rapidly closing around the country, and student nurses are being encouraged to enroll in four-year universities. Nursing education includes classroom instruction and supervised clinical experience in hospitals and other health facilities. Students take courses in anatomy, physiology, microbiology, chemistry, nutrition, psychology, and other behavioral sciences, and nursing. Corse work also includes liberal arts classes. Hospital departments provide supervised clinical experience in pediatrics, psychiatry, maternity, and surgery. Several programs include clinical experience in nursing homes, public health departments, home health agencies, and ambulatory clinics. The nurse anesthetist is an essential part of the surgical team. They are highly skilled and highly educated specialists who, under the direction of a physician, administer anesthetics to patients for all types of surgery. The nurse anesthetist prepares for a medical procedure by setting up assigned operating rooms with necessary equipment and supplies, meeting with assigned patients, and by completing necessary preoperative procedures. Preoperative procedures may include administering medication, hooking up the patients IV, and connecting the patient to a life support system. When the patient goes into the operating room for their surgery, the CRNA administers either a general or local anesthetic to the patient. They also practice in the obstetrics department, with psychiatric patients, in the respiratory therapy department, the emergency room and in dental offices. Attention to vital signs and changes in the patients condition is one important function of the nurse anesthetist. This is a field in which the nurse-patient relationship is critically important. The CRNA has to apply physiologic and psychologic principles with sensitivity while also employing technical skills and theoretical knowledge. The nurse anesthesia programs range from twenty-four to thirty-six months in length and encompass an academic and clinical practicum on a college degree level. The classroom curriculum emphasizes anatomy, physiology, pathophysilolgy, biochemistry, chemistry, physics, and pharmacology as they relate to anesthesia. All programs must offer a Master of Science degree or higher beginning in 1998. All programs require a four-year college degree in science or nursing, and at least one year of acute car nursing experience before entry. Schools usually define acute care as intensive care, coronary care, and emergency/trauma care. Once a student has completed their educational work, the nurse is eligible to take a national certification examination and become a certified registered nurse anesthetist. Laws also require continuing education every two years for recertification. Nurse Anesthetists work with physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals in well-lighted, air-conditioned, and surgically clean surroundings. They wear a surgical gown, cap, and mask while administering the anesthetics. Nurse anesthetists may need to lift, move, and position patients receiving anesthetics. While they are administering the anesthetic, they may stand or sit in one position for long durations of time. Certified registered nurse anesthetists are very much in demand and have many opportunities throughout the united states. The demand will continue to be excellent through the year 2010. This occupation is one of a group of registered nurses estimated to grow more than 33 percent. Reflecting the amount of responsibility, nurse anesthetists are one of the best paid nursing specialities. The reported average salary in 1997 was approximately $86,000. The middle 50 percent earned between $74,700 and $90,300. An article in the September 21, 1992, issue of Fortune magazine included nurse anesthetists among the top 20% of income earners in America.

The Difference Between Avere and Tenere

The Difference Between Avere and Tenere Learning a new language is not only tough because there are thousands of new words to learn, but even tougher because those words often overlap in meaning. This is definitely the case with the two verbs in Italian - â€Å"tenere - to hold, to keep† and â€Å"avere - to have, to obtain, to hold†. What are the main differences? First, tenere is often understood as to keep or to hold, like to keep a window open, keep a secret or hold a baby. Avere is to understood as meaning, to have, in the sense of possession, like age, fear, or an iPhone. Second, tenere is used, more often in the south, particularly in Naples, in the place of avere, but grammatically, its incorrect. Meaning, even if you hear Tengo 27 anni or Tengo fame, its not grammatically correct. Here are some situations where choosing between avere and tenere might be tricky. Physical Possession 1.) To have/keep an item Ho una mela, ma voglio mangiare un’arancia. - I have an apple, but I want to eat an orange.Non ho una borsa che si abbina a/con questo vestito. - I don’t have a purse that matches this dress.Ho il nuovo iPhone. - I have a new iPhone. In the situation above, you couldnt use tenere as a substitute for avere. Tengo questo iPhone fino alluscita di quello nuovo. - Im keeping this iPhone until the new one comes out. 2.) To not have any money Non ho una lira. - I dont have any money. Here, you can use tenere, but avere is still preferred. Non tengo una lira. - I dont have any money. Non avere/tenere una lira is an expression that literally means, I dont have one lira. To Maintain a Situation 1.) Keep/have a secret È un segreto che tengo per Silvia, quindi non posso dirtelo. - Its a secret that Im keeping for Silvia, so I cant tell it to you. However, if you have a secret and youre not keeping a secret for anybody, you can just use avere. Ho un segreto. Ho un amante! - I have a secret. I have a lover! 2.) Have/keep in pockets Ha le mani in tasca. - He has his hands in his pockets. In this situation, both avere and tenere can be used. Tiene le mani in tasca. - He has (keeps) his hands in his pockets. 3.) Have/keep In mind Ti spiegherà ² quello che ho in mente. - Ill explain to you what I have in mind. In this context, avere and tenere can both be used although the sentence structure will change. Tieni in mente quello che ti ho detto ieri. – Keep in mind what I told you yesterday. To Hold Something 1.) Hold/have a baby in your arms Tiene in braccio un bimbo. Il bebà © ha sei mesi. - She is holding a baby in her arm. The baby is six months. In this situation, you can use avere interchangeably. Ha in braccio un bimbo. Il bebà © ha sei mesi. - She is holding a baby in her arm. The baby is six months. 2.) Have a bouquet of flowers Perchà © hai un mazzo di fiori? Hai molti spasimanti? - Why do you have a bouquet of flowers? Do you have a lot of admirers?Non posso rispondere perchà ¨ ho un mazzo di fiori in mano. - I can’t answer the phone because I’m holding a bouquet of flowers. Then, the person youre talking to might respond to you using the verb tenere. Rispondi, che te lo tengo io. - Answer, and I’ll hold it for you. 3.) Hold a bouquet with style La sposa tiene il bouquet con classe. - The bride holds the bouquet in her hands with style. In the example above, tenere is used to stress the way she holds the bouquet. To help make this easier, use tenere whenever you have something that youre physically holding in mano - in your hands or in braccio - in your arms. It can also be used in figurative expressions, as you saw tenere in mente, but since we would be likely to translate that as keep in mind, its easier to distinguish from avere. Avere, on the other hand, is used to talk about something you possess, either literally or figuratively. If you find yourself in conversation, and you cant think of which one is right to use, its best to ask yourself what the simplest meaning is.  For example, instead of saying, He had a change of heart, you can say, He changed his mind or â€Å"Ha cambiato idea†.